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Agent.btz drops itself onto removable media devices and creates an autorun.inf file with an instruction to run that file. When the device is inserted into another system, it opens autorun.inf and loads the malware.^[1]

ANDROMEDA has been spread via infected USB keys.^[2]

Aoqin Dragon has used a dropper that employs a worm infection strategy using a removable device to breach a secure network environment.^[3]

APT28 uses a tool to infect connected USB devices and transmit itself to air-gapped computers when the infected USB device is inserted.^[4]

Part of APT28's operation involved using CHOPSTICK modules to copy itself to air-gapped machines and using files written to USB sticks to transfer data and command traffic.^[5][4][6]

Conficker variants used the Windows AUTORUN feature to spread through USB propagation.^[7][8]

Crimson can spread across systems by infecting removable media.^[9]

Darkhotel's selective infector modifies executables stored on removable media as a method of spreading across computers.^[10]

DustySky searches for removable media and duplicates itself onto it.^[11]

FIN7 actors have mailed USB drives to potential victims containing malware that downloads and installs various backdoors, including in some cases for ransomware operations.^[12]

Flame contains modules to infect USB sticks and spread laterally to other Windows systems the stick is plugged into using Autorun functionality.^[13]

H1N1 has functionality to copy itself to removable media.^[14]

LuminousMoth has used malicious DLLs to spread malware to connected removable USB drives on infected machines.^[15][16]

Mustang Panda has used a customized PlugX variant which could spread through USB connections.^[17]

njRAT can be configured to spread via removable drives.^[18][19]

QakBot has the ability to use removable drives to spread through compromised networks.^[20]

Ramsay can spread itself by infecting other portable executable files on removable drives.^[21]

Raspberry Robin has historically used infected USB media to spread to new victims.^[22][23]

APT30 may have used the SHIPSHAPE malware to move onto air-gapped networks. SHIPSHAPE targets removable drives to spread to other systems by modifying the drive to use Autorun to execute or by hiding legitimate document files and copying an executable to the folder with the same name as the legitimate document.^[24]

Stuxnet can propagate via removable media using an autorun.inf file or the CVE-2010-2568 LNK vulnerability.^[25]

Tropic Trooper has attempted to transfer USBferry from an infected USB device by copying an Autorun function to the target machine.^[26]

Unknown Logger is capable of spreading to USB devices.^[27]

Ursnif has copied itself to and infected removable drives for propagation.^[28][29]

USBferry can copy its installer to attached USB storage devices.^[26]

USBStealer drops itself onto removable media and relies on Autorun to execute the malicious file when a user opens the removable media on another system.^[30]

On Windows 10, enable Attack Surface Reduction (ASR) rules to block unsigned/untrusted executable files (such as .exe, .dll, or .scr) from running from USB removable drives. ^[31]

Disable Autorun if it is unnecessary. ^[32] Disallow or restrict removable media at an organizational policy level if it is not required for business operations. ^[33]

Limit the use of USB devices and removable media within a network.